Carl Jung - Collective Unconscious & Archetypes
Collective unconscious is a part of the unconscious mind in human beings. It contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people. A general definition that everyone has which may include what's good and bad.
Archetypes are the models of inherited ideas based on the experiences of one's ancestors, which shapes one's perception of the world. An example would be Superman. Superman is considered an archetype of a hero and what goodness should represent.
Alfred Adler - Inferiority Complex
Inferiority complex is a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source. This can be shown when you first start a job. You feel inferior because you are new and aren't quite sure of how things work, but once you get an idea of how everything works, and start to be good at it, you feel better about yourself. The satisfaction that comes from learning simple tasks sets up a pattern of overcoming inadequacies, a pattern that persists throughout life.
Karen Horney - Women vs. Men & Psychoanalysis
Karen Horney did not believe Freud's idea of "penis envy." She felt Freud had found that women were jealous of men's power in the world. She feels that though women may occaisonally have "penis envy", men also have the same envy of women, which she called "womb envy." Horney felt that men were jealous of a woman's ability to have children. The way in which men are driven so hard to succeed in life is a substitute for the fact that they cannot carry, nurture and bear children.
Psychoanalysis is the study of human psychological functioning and behavior, although it can also be applied to societies. Horney believed that cultural and social factors are very important in designing the personality of children. She agreed with some of Freud's ideas of psychoanalysis but differs on them slightly.
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